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Bills Introduced in House and Senate Intend to Expand Use of Biofuels
By Christopher Lawrence, BCS, Incorporated
A major topic of discussion in Congress has been how renewable alternative fuels, such as biofuels, can help wean the Country off oil. Below are some key bills that have been introduced in Congress which could foster the development of biofuels and other renewable fuel alternatives.
The Advanced Fuels Infrastructure Research and Development Act- H.R. 547- This bill, which passed in the House on February 9th by a margin of 400-3, directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in consultation with the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) to establish a program of research and development of additives that will make biofuels more compatible with existing fuel infrastructure. The bill specifies that these materials should “prevent or mitigate” problems associated with biofuels and current infrastructure such as: corrosion of materials used in pipes and storage tanks such as rubber, plastic or metal; dissolving of storage tank sediments; microbial contamination and problems associated with electoral conductivity.[i] The bill authorizes the EPA to use ten million dollars to carry out this act from existing money that has already been appropriated to the agency for energy research, development and demonstration activities.[ii]
The Cellulosic Development and Implementation Act of 2007- S.167 and H.R. 395- This bill, introduced concurrently by Senator Boxer and Representative Salazar in their respective chambers was referred to the Senate Committee on Public Works and to the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, respectively. The bill seeks to amend the Clean Air Act, section 212, to direct the Secretary of Energy to establish a “Cellulosic Ethanol Fuel Grant Program”.[iii] The program will award grants to an ‘eligible entity’, which can be a Federal or State research agency, a National Laboratory, private sector entity, a college or university or a nonprofit organization, for research, development and demonstration projects related to cellulosic fuels in vehicles.[iv] The grant review committee shall consist of an equal number of representatives from the Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), EPA. The representatives will all be appointed by their respective agency secretaries or administrators. The review committee will also consist of experts appointed by the President that are not federal employees.[v] Priority will be given to projects that “use alternative or renewable energy sources in the production of cellulosic ethanol fuel and demonstration projects”.[vi] The grantee must be able to provide matching funds totaling 20 percent of the grant. The bill also directs the Secretary of Energy to establish a pilot program to provide “grants to eligible entities for use in installing infrastructure (such as pumps) that would enable retail gasoline stations to sell and dispense ethanol fuel”.[vii] The bill authorizes one billion dollars for each program for fiscal year 2007 through 2013.
The Renewable Fuels and Energy Independence Promotion Act of 2007- H.R. 196- This bill, introduced by Congressmen Pomeroy and Hulshof, was referred to the House Ways and Means Committee. The bill amends the Internal Revenue Code at Section 40, relating to alcohol used as fuel and section 40A relating to biodiesel to make both income tax credits permanent. It also amends the excise tax portions of the Internal Revenue Code relation to alcohol mixture used as a fuel and biodiesel mixture used as fuel, sections 6426 (b) and 6426 (c), respectfully to make both excise tax credits permanent as it relates to these fuels.[viii] The bill also amends the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to move the effective date for tariff duties on ethyl alcohol and ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ethanol) to the effective date of this Act.[ix]
The Biofuels Security Act of 2007- S. 23, H.R. 559- This bill, introduced concurrently by Senator Harkin and Representative Delahunt in their respective chambers seeks to amend Section 211 of the Clean Air Act by prescribing the volume of renewable fuel that gasoline sold in the United States must contain with provisions that require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine the applicable volume for 2010 and beyond.[x] The bill also directs the Secretary of Energy to promulgate regulations that ensure each major oil company that sells gasoline in the United States installs at least one pump that dispenses E85 fuel.[xi] The bill also amends the Energy Policy Act of 1992 “to increase to 100% the proportion of vehicles acquired by a federal fleet in and after 2008 that must be light duty alternative fueled vehicles.”[xii] The bill also requires “makers of new automobiles capable of operating on gasoline or diesel fuel to ensure that a specified percentage of automobiles manufactured in any model year after 2007 for sale in the United States (increasing from 10% in 2008 to 100% in 2017) are dual fueled automobiles”.[xiii] The bill also offers manufacturing incentives to these manufacturing companies.
These are just a few of the bills that have been introduced in Congress that seek to promote the use of biofuels through research, development and deployment grants and incentives as well as through incentives to manufacturers and producers of biofuels related equipment. For more information on these bills and others, refer to Thomas at the the Library of Congress online at http://thomas.loc.gov as well as the “On the Hill” section of the Biomass Research and Development Initiative website and newsletter.
[i] United States. Cong. House. 110th Congress, 1st Session. H.R. 547, Advanced Fuels Infrastructure Research and Development Act [As passed by the House]. 110th Congress. Library of Congress. 2/11/07. http://thomas.loc.gov/
[iii] United States. Cong. Senate. 110th Congress, 1st Session. S.167, Cellulosic Ethanol Development and Implementation Act of 2007 [As introduced in Senate on 1/4/07]. 110th Congress. Library of Congress. 2/11/07. http://thomas.loc.gov/
[viii] United States. Cong. House. 110th Congress, 1st Session. H.R. 196, Renewable Fuels and Energy Independence Promotion Act of 2007 [As introduced in the House 1/4/07]. 110th Congress. Library of Congress. 2/11/07. http://thomas.loc.gov/
[x] United States. Cong. Senate. 110th Congress, 1st Session. S.23, Biofuels Security Act of 2007 [As introduced in Senate on 1/4/07]. 110th Congress. Library of Congress. 2/11/07. http://thomas.loc.gov/
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Illinois
According to the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), farmers in Illinois produced over 1.8 billion bushels of corn in 2006.[i] With this amount of corn production, it is no surprise that the state puts a heavy focus on developing its biomass industry. In 2003, the state began its Renewable Fuels Development Program (RFDP), which provides grants for the construction of new biofuels production facilities.[ii] Ethanol biorefineries in Illinois have a production capacity of 1,493 million gallons of ethanol per year with 566 million gallons of additional capacity currently under construction.[iii] In addition, the state also has 53 million gallons of biodiesel production capacity with 35 million gallons of additional capacity under construction.[iv]
The Renewable Fuels Development Program has many purposes that range from reducing the nation’s dependence on foreign oil, to reducing harmful vehicular exhaust emissions, to expanding market demand for Illinois agricultural products. [v] The RFDP awards grants up to 5.5 million dollars to projects that have a minimum capacity of 30 million gallons.[vi]
Another program established by Illinois is the Renewable Fuels Research, Development and Demonstration Program, Illinois funds research, planning, education and development projects that seek to increase the use of biofuels while decreasing the costs related to their production.[vii]The program has funded many projects including the National Corn to Ethanol Research Center at Southern Illinois University.[viii]
Recently a bill was introduced into the Illinois state legislature that if passed would direct the Illinois Ethanol Research Advisory Board to establish and operate the Center as a “State Biorefining Center of Excellence”. Some of the new responsibilities the center would take on if given this distinction would be to offer training to industry on different techniques and practices as well as coordinating near tern industry research needs and pursuing federal and other types of funding for those.[ix]
The State also puts a heavy focus on developing its E-85 fueling infrastructure. The Illinois E-85 Infrastructure Development Program awards grants to fueling stations to cover up to fifty percent of the cost of converting stations so they are able to dispense
E-85 fuel.[x] Currently, there are 134 E-85 stations in Illinois.[xi] In addition, Illinois also has 12 biodiesel dispensing stations.[xii] Figure 1 shows the distribution of E-85 and Biodiesel fueling stations throughout Illinois.
Figure 1: E-85 and Biodiesel Fueling Stations in Illinois
[i] National Agricultural Statistics Service, Corn for Grain Data for Illinois, 2006. Accessed 2/16/07. Available at http://www.nass.usda.gov/QuickStats/index2.jsp
[vii] llinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Renewable Fuels Research, Development and Demonstration Program Webpage. Accessed 2/16/07 . Available at http://www.commerce.state.il.us/
[x] Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity , E-85 Infrastructure Development Program Webpage. Accessed 2/16/07 . Available at http://www.commerce.state.il.us/
[xi] U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center . Updated 2/15/07 . Available at http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/infrastructure/station_counts.html
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| Bill # |
Sponsor |
Description |
Last Action |
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| H.R. 395 Related Bills: S. 167 |
Rep Salazar, John T. [CO-3] |
Cellulosic Ethanol Development and Implementation Act of 2007: To amend the Clean Air Act to provide grants for research, development and deployment of cellulosic ethanol facilities as well as investing in the necessary infrastructure to facilitate distribution. |
1/10/2007: Referred to House committees on Energy and Commerce and Science and Technology.
Referred to the Senate committee on Environment and Public Works |
| S. 193 |
Sen Lugar, Richard G. [IN] |
Energy Diplomacy and Security Act of 2007: To encourage interaction between the U.S. and foreign governments to advance energy and national security by developing biofuels among other alternative fuels through research. |
1/4/2007: Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations |
| H.R. 6 |
Rep Rahall, Nick J., II [WV-3] |
CLEAN Energy Act of 2007: Invest in clean alternative renewable energy sources, promoting emerging energy technologies. |
1/18/2007: Passed in the House by: 264 – 163
1/22/2007: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar. |
| S.133.IS |
Sen Obama, Barack [IL] |
American Fuels Act of 2007: A bill to promote national energy security by reducing U.S. dependency on foreign oil. This bill includes an excise tax credit for production of cellulosic biomass ethanol and expanding section 211(o) of the Clean Air Act. |
1/4/2007: Referred to Senate committee. Status: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. |
| H.R.196.IH |
Rep Pomeroy, Earl [ND] |
Renewable Fuels and Energy Independence Promotion Act of 2007: Bills proposing the extension of tax incentive encouraging the installation and distribution of alternative fuels including, but not limited to, cellulosic ethanol and biodiesel. |
1/4/2007: Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means |
| S.23.IS H.R.559.IH |
Sen Harkin, Tom [IA] |
Biofuels Security Act of 2007: To encourage the reduction of dependency on foreign oil and promote the distribution and use of biofuels in the U.S. |
1/4/2007: Referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. |
| H.R.182.IH |
Rep Lofgren, Zoe [CA-16] |
TEAM up for Energy Independence Act: A tax to encourage the manufacture and sale of alternative fuel vehicles in the U.S. |
1/4/2007:
Referred to House Energy and Commerce |
| H.R.517.IH |
Rep Davis, Jo Ann [VA-1] |
Independence from Oil with Agriculture Act of 2007: Bill proposing the extension of tax incentive encouraging the installation and distribution of alternative fuels including, but not limited to, cellulosic ethanol and biodiesel. This bill would also amend the Clean Air Act to accelerate the use of renewable fuels |
1/17/2007:
Referred to House Energy and Commerce |
| H.R.547.IH |
Rep Gordon, Bart [TN-6] |
Advanced Fuels Infrastructure Research and Development Act: To encourage development of an alternative fuels infrastructure for distribution of refined fuel. |
2/9/2007: Passed House. Moved on to Senate. |
| H.R.670.IH |
Rep Engel, Eliot L. [NY-17] |
DRIVE Act: Specific policies proposed in this bill include: increasing the gasoline-efficiency of cars, trucks, tires, and oil; and providing economic incentives for companies and consumers to produce and purchase flexible fuel vehicles. |
1/24/2007: Referred to House Energy and Commerce |
| S.162.IS |
Sen Lugar, Richard G. [IN] |
National Fuels Initiative: To reduce U.S. dependency on foreign oil by producing and utilizing the equivalent of at least 100,000,000,000 gallons of renewable fuel per year by 2025. |
1/4/2007: Referred to the Committee on Finance. | |
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Cal Sees BP Deal as Landmark Research (California - 2/2)
UC Berkeley's landmark deal with BP to develop biofuels marks what is by far the largest alliance ever between industry and academia -- a partnership university officials believe has a potential global impact of bringing new clean energy technologies swiftly to market. Under the umbrella of a new Energy Biosciences Institute, BP's money will support a major expansion of clean energy research already under way on the Cal campus, at the nearby Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. In addition, new projects will be launched by an eight-member institute governing. The institute is being described as the world's first research lab dedicated to long-term production of renewable fuels. BP is pledging to spend $400 million over 10 years in Berkeley and $100 million at the University of Illinois, where research will focus on bioengineering corn to power more economical ethanol production and developing new strains of leafy perennials as long-term fuel sources.
http://www.sfgate.com
Ga. Plant to Turn Pine Waste Into Ethanol (Georgia - 2/8)
A California dot-com billionaire announced he'll build the nation's first wood-to-ethanol factory in the east-central Georgia town of Soperton, cementing the state's position in the booming alternative-fuel universe. Gov. Sonny Perdue pegged the investment at $225 million. Groundbreaking is expected this spring. But corralling Range Fuels Inc., the cellulosic ethanol company founded by Sun Microsystems co-founder Khosla, wasn't cheap. Treutlen County offered tax abatements and a 97-acre tract in its industrial park worth $350,000. The state's OneGeorgia Authority, which uses tobacco settlement money for rural economic development, will likely approve a $6 million grant for Treutlen County to help Range Fuels buy production equipment.
http://www.ajc.com
Diversified Energy and North Carolina State University Sign Agreement (2/13)
Diversified Energy announced they agreed to the terms of an exclusive worldwide license with North Carolina State University for an innovative and breakthrough biofuels technology. The patent-pending process, termed Centia™ provides several key advantages when compared with other biofuel processes like biodiesel, ethanol and others. Centia™ can utilize feedstock oils from edible and inedible animal fats, waste oils, agriculture crops like soybean, algae, newly proposed energy crops, or any other lipid-based feedstock. This provides the owner of a Centia™ biofuels plant the flexibility to use the most attractive feedstock at any given time or location. Centia™ is initially being positioned to produce commercial and military jet fuel and a cold-weather biodiesel additive -- both of which are challenging and complex hydrocarbon fuels and heretofore have received little attention by the biofuels industry. The overall process flexibility will allow for broad marketplace acceptance and unprecedented options for Centia™ biofuel plants to adapt to the ever-changing feedstock and fuels market.
http://www.grainnet.com
LS9 Launched to Create Renewable Petroleum™ Biofuels (2/14)
LS9 Inc., the Renewable Petroleum Company™, announced its launch today. Founded in 2005, the company is pursuing industrial applications of synthetic biology to produce proprietary biofuels. LS9's products, currently under development, are designed to closely resemble petroleum derived fuels, but be renewable, clean, domestically produced, and cost competitive. In addition to biofuels, LS9 will also develop industrial biochemicals for specialty applications. LS9 Inc. is developing Renewable Petroleum™ biofuels through work pioneered by scientific founders Chris Somerville, Director of the Carnegie Institution and Professor of Plant Biology at Stanford University, and George Church, Director of the MIT-Harvard US-Dept. of Energy GTL Center and Professor of Genetics at Harvard along with venture founders Flagship Ventures and Khosla Ventures.
http://news.yahoo.com
GM to build 40 new ethanol stations in Colorado (2/15)
General Motors said it is partnering with Colorado to build 40 new E85 ethanol fueling stations across the state by the end of the year. The world’s biggest automaker said the filling stations will be part of the company’s broadening campaign to promote ethanol-blended fuel and flexible fuel vehicles. Colorado has 13 ethanol fueling stations. Still, only 800 of the estimated 170,000 gas stations in America offer E85.
http://www.freep.com/
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| Marketplace provides data relevant to the production of biofuels from biomass as well as the state of the petroleum markets in which biofuels are used. Cost fluctuations in the price of a bushel of soybeans, the main biodiesel feedstock, and corn, affect the finished products i.e., biofuels. Key indicators in the petroleum industry provide a snapshot of the supply of finished products stocks and production, and how they relate to demand and the price of finished product (i.e. gasoline and diesel). The tables show actual grain prices, indicators which may affect gasoline prices, and the production of ethanol. |
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| Grain Prices Received by Farmers |
January 2006 |
January 2005 |
% Change |
24 Months |
| Corn ($/bushel) |
3.23 |
2.00
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61.50% |
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| Soybean ($/bushel) |
6.42 |
5.87 |
9.37% |
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| Spot Prices W. Tex. Int Cush & Henry Hub |
December 2006 |
December 2005 |
% Change |
24 Months |
| W. Tex. Int Cush ($/Bbl) |
61.96 |
59.41
|
3.58% |
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| Henry Hub ($ per MMbtu) |
7.207 |
13.425 |
-46.32% |
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| Fuel Supply |
January 2007 |
January 2006 |
% Change |
24 Months |
| Percent Refinery Utilization |
89.80 |
88.38 |
1.61% |
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| Production by Product - Finished Motor Gasoline (1,000 bbl/d) |
9,216 |
8,726 |
5.62% |
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| Stocks - Finished Motor Gasoline (1,000 bbl) |
121,444 |
138,077 |
-12.05% |
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| Imports - Total Motor Gasoline (1,000 bbl/d) |
1,055 |
972 |
8.57% |
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| Oxygenate Production |
November 2006 |
November 2005 |
% Change |
12 Months |
Ethanol Production
(1,000 bbl) |
10,279 |
8,259 |
24.46% |
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MTBE Production
(1,000 bbl) |
1,482 |
3,530 |
-58.02% |
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Data Sources:
U.S. DOE-Energy Information Administration, "Weekly Petroleum Status Report" and "Monthly Oxygenate Report"; USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service, "Agricultural Prices,""Grain Stocks"; Wall Street Journal, Markets Data, Spot Prices, Oil Prices | | |
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R&D Awards
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No R&D Awards were granted for this month.
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| Title: |
Continuing Solicitation for the Office of Science
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| Description: |
Seeking grant applications for support of basic energy science fundamental research in the natural sciences and engineering leading to new and improved energy technologies and to understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts of energy technologies. |
| Government Agency: |
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science |
| Schedule: |
Applications may be submitted at any time. |
| URL: |
http://www.science.doe.gov/grants/FAPN05-01.html |
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| Title: |
Energy Innovations Small Grant (EISG) Program |
| Description: |
The EISG provides funding to small businesses, small non-profits, individuals and academic institutions for establishing the feasibility of new energy concepts. Qualifying entities outside of California are eligible. Projects must develop innovative and original energy concepts that address a clear market need, provide benefit for California electricity ratepayers and target one or more areas of interest: industrial/agriculture/water end-use efficiency; building end-use efficiency; advanced generation; renewable generation; energy-related environmental research; strategic energy research. |
| Government Agency: |
California Energy Commission |
| Schedule: |
EISG has up to 4 cycles of grants a year |
| URL: |
http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/innovations/index.html |
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| Title: |
Energy Performance Contracting in State-Owned Facilities |
| Description: |
Funded by a System Benefits Charge (SBC) on electric transmission, this program offers energy efficiency, research and development, low-income and environmental disclosure funding and education to assist electric consumers as the regulated electricity market moves to more open competition. |
| Government Agency: |
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority |
| Schedule: |
Grant programs, funding amounts, and funding cycles vary |
| URL: |
http://www.nyserda.org/Funding/funding.asp?i=2 |
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| Title: |
Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research Grants Program |
| Description: |
The purpose of the USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grants (BRAG) Program is to assist Federal regulatory agencies in making science-based decisions about the effects of introducing genetically modified organisms into the environment. Investigations of effects on both managed and natural environments are relevant. Applications to the USDA BRAG Program must seek partial funding for a conference or address one of the following areas: 1) Identify and develop practices to minimize risks associated with genetically engineered organisms; 2) Research methods to monitor the dispersal of genetically engineered organisms; 3) Research to increase knowledge about the characteristics, rates, and methods of gene transfer that may occur between genetically engineered organisms, and related organisms; 4) Perform assessments to provide analysis which compares impacts of organisms modified through genetic engineering to other types of production systems; 5) Other areas of research designed to further the purposes of the USDA BRAG program. See RFA for details. |
| Government Agency: |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| Schedule: |
2/15/07 |
| URL: |
http://www.csrees.usda.gov |
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| Title: |
New Analytical and Imaging Technologies for Lignocellulosic Material Degradation, & for Multiplexed Screening for Plant Phenotypes |
| Description: |
The Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) of the Office of Science (SC), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), hereby announces its interest in receiving applications for research that supports the Genomics: GTL research program (www.genomicsGTL.energy.gov). In the first part of this notice, applications are solicited for the development of technologies for studying lignocellulosic systems, real-time characterization of such systems in the course of processing, and other innovative techniques that could facilitate lignocellulosic material degradation. The second part of this notice solicits the development of improved methods leading to high–throughput, sensitive, and selective phenotypic screening of plant feedstocks. |
| Government Agency: |
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science |
| Schedule: |
03/06/2007 |
| URL: |
http://e-center.doe.gov/iips/ |
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| Title: |
Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies |
| Description: |
Area of Interest II-Enabling Technologies for Fuels and Lubricants
This area supports the objective of the Fuels Technologies subprogram to explore and enable innovative technology solutions to the problem of oil dependence for transportation. There are two components of the R&D efforts supported by this subprogram: Direct substitution for petroleum-based fuels by non-petroleum based fuels (either as components blended into conventional fuels or as alternative fuels). Fuel as an enabler of advanced combustion systems providing clean, highly-efficient engines for future vehicles. The subtopics described under “Enabling Technologies for Fuels and Lubricants” (below) address both of these objectives. Applications are sought for the development of fuels, fuel additives, or lubricants. |
| Government Agency: |
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) |
| Schedule: |
03/15/2007 |
| URL: |
http://e-center.doe.gov/iips/faopor.nsf |
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| Title: |
Alternative Bioenergy Technologies, Synthetic Genomics, or Nanotechnologies |
| Description: |
The Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the Office of Science (SC), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), hereby announces its interest in receiving applications for research in the area of Ethical, Legal, and Societal Implications (ELSI) of research on alternative bioenergy technologies, synthetic genomics, or nanotechnologies. The aims of this Notice are to support explorations of the potential societal implications arising from scientific research in areas of systems microbiology pertaining to the DOE mission of bioenergy, and, in addition, issues arising from synthetic genomics applied to bioenergy, and research on nanomaterials and nanotechnologies relevant to bioenergy. |
| Government Agency: |
USDA, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science |
| Schedule: |
04/19/2007 |
| URL: |
http://e-center.doe.gov/iips/ |
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| Title: |
Ethical, Legal, and Societal Implications (ELSI) of Research on Alternative Bioenergy Technologies, Synthetic Genomics, or Nanotechnologies |
| Description: |
The Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the Office of Science (SC), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), hereby announces its interest in receiving applications for research in the area of Ethical, Legal, and Societal Implications (ELSI) of research on alternative bioenergy technologies, synthetic genomics, or nanotechnologies. The aims of this Notice are to support explorations of the potential societal implications arising from scientific research in areas of systems microbiology pertaining to the DOE mission of bioenergy, and, in addition, issues arising from synthetic genomics applied to bioenergy, and research on nanomaterials and nanotechnologies relevant to bioenergy. |
| Government Agency: |
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science |
| Schedule: |
Preapplication 2/8/07; Application 04/19/2007 |
| URL: |
https://e-center.doe.gov/iips/faopor.nsf/ |
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| Title: |
Waste to Energy Request for Proposal |
| Description: |
Clinton County Economic Development Office requests proposals for two separate waste-to-energy bio-refinery (e.g., anaerobic digester) facilities to be built in Clinton County. Waste biosolids from the production of food and animals has the potential to supply electricity for thousands of people and economic development opportunities for central Indiana. To make this program a reality and curb the use for non-renewable fuels, Purdue University, Clinton County, City of Frankfort, Frito-Lay North America, Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM), and Indiana Clean Energy, LLC, (ICE), are joining forces to develop infrastructure to allow the use of industrial and/or farm waste to produce methane for direct use or conversion to electricity. |
| Government Agency: |
Clinton County Economic Development Quadra Initiative |
| Schedule: |
02/23/2007 |
| URL: |
Quadra Initiative: Waster to Energy RFP(PDF 262KB) |
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Events |
February 4 - 8, 2007
San Antonio, TX |
National Biodiesel Conference and Expo
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February 19 - 22, 2007
Tuscon, AZ |
National Ethanol Conference
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February 21 - 23, 2007
Lake Buena Vista, FL |
Alternative Energy NOW
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February 21 - 24, 2007
San Pedro Sula, Honduras
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ExpoEnergia 2007
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Click here for additional bio-related events. | | |
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U.S. Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Mail-Code EE-1, Washington DC 20585
Office: 202-586-4541 | Fax: 202-586-1640 | BRDI@bcs-hq.com
Web site designed, built and managed by BCS, Incorporated | | | | |
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